Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine pdf files in seconds. Osteoarthritis affects only 3% of peopleaged less than 45 but it affects 65% of people aged. Known as degenerative joint disease or agerelated arthritis, oa most often develops slowly over time as people age. Symptomatic hand oa is a common disease among the elderly, and impairs hand function, this impairment being largely mediated by pain.
It causes changes in the bone and deterioration of the connective tissues that hold the joint together and attach muscle to bone. Osteoarthritis, classification, prevalence and risk factors. The three critical steps in mitigating merger risk are knowing the level of risk, keeping the integration process versatile, and staying focused on. Read more to learn of the 4 greatest risk factors for leaders. From these combined inputs, corporate development, the deal sponsor and the integration leader can now get clarity on the integration risk assessment. The faster the pace, the less time is available and the higher the risk for wmsd. Osteoarthritis of the hands and a family history of osteoarthritis.
Obesity is a strong modifiable risk factor for the development of knee oa 1, 9, but less so for hip oa. To describe occupational and genetic factors that may contribute to the risk of developing oa. Individual and workrelated risk factors for musculoskeletal. When those main sources are known, hopefully the identi cation process of risks in a speci c company is simpli ed. Three critical factors in response, the researchers sought a different cause. Oa of the hip and knee are two of the most important causes of pain and physical disability in communitydwelling adults. This is an often overlooked portion of a merger or acquisition, but unclaimed property noncompliance can cost your organization millions of dollars in fines and. For example, risk factors for osteoarthritis the most common form of arthritis can include gender, being overweight, getting older, and having weak muscles. Biomedical risk factors are bodily states that carry relatively direct and specific risks.
Inability to assess the value of its employees leads to companies firing the wrong people. On december 20, 2005, seagate technology seagate, an exempted company incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the cayman islands, entered into an agreement and plan of merger the merger agreement with maxtor corporation maxtor, a delaware. C ompanies are constantly seeking opportunities to grow and expand their business, increase competitive edge and drive market value. Theres no single best format or approach, but we typically see at least some aspects of most, if not all, of the following major categories of potential integration risk factors in. Knowing your risk factors may help explain how you might have gotten the disease. Political risk factors in mergers and acquisitions daily ft. Certain factors are known to increase the risk of oa. Non nancial risk assessment in mergers, acquisitions and. After controlling for other factors, mergers financed with stock tend to be correlated with risk reduction, suggesting that using stock as payment may reduce the need to issue debt postmerger. Symptomatic hand oa is a common disease among the elderly, and impairs hand function, this impairment being largely mediated by. But besides the breakdown of cartilage, osteoarthritis affects the entire joint. The knee is the site most affected by joint pain in older adults where it is usually attributed to oa in this agegroup1, 2.
Risk management pitfalls in mergers and acquisitions. In general, risk factors pertain to the company, the industry, or the investment or offering. An acquisition occurs when one company buys another. Due diligence procedures and pre and post merger integration planning is essential.
We wanted to investigate the modifiable risk factors body mass index bmi and physical activity, using knee replacement kr as a marker for severely symptomatic disease, focusing on the interaction between these risk factors. Incidence of knee oa is rising by increasing average age of general population. Seventeen percent of respondents say successful integration is a major impediment to getting full value from their mergers. Risk factors for osteoarthritis arthritis research. The older you get, the more likely you are to develop oa. However, one of the most overlooked and underestimated risks is human risk. Item 503, regulation c, regulation sk, risk factor disclosures, risk factors, safe harbor, section 21e. Arthritis home causes of osteoarthritis other risk factors for osteoarthritis. Managing merger risk during the postselection phase. In addition, they are not easily controlled and tend to progress in fits and starts.
Damage to the cartilage can be the result of a previous injury, such as an dislocation or fracture. A risk factor disclosure involves a discussion of circumstances, trends, or issues that may affect a companys business, prospects, operating. Age, heredity, injury and infection are the most common causes of oa. How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc. Osteoarthritis oa of the knee is a common and disabling condition. Symptomatic hand oa is a common disease among the elderly, and impairs hand function, this. Even though different studies actually refer to several ordinary risk factors for oa, like genetic and epigenetic predisposition, age, sex, injury and mechanical stress, there is a. Risk factors for incident osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Behavioural risk factors are risk factors that individuals have the most ability to modify, such as diet, tobacco smoking and drinking alcohol. Symptomatic selfreported knee pain and radiographic osteoarthritis oa of the knee are common in the older age groups. Osteoarthritis oa is usually caused by repetitive stress to the joint due to activities such as exercise or work. On december 20, 2005, seagate technology seagate, an exempted company incorporated with limited. Risk factor disclosures for reporting public companies posted by securities attorney laura anthony march 11, 2015 tags.
Failure to do so can lead to legal actions by governing bodies. Each form of arthritis has its own particular risk factors, some of which we cannot change i. When risk factors for msp were analysed independently, with adjustment only for gender and age, significantly elevated risks of low back pain were found for somatising tendency, emotional exhaustion, belief that musculoskeletal problems are commonly caused by work, low job support and low job security, while risk was significantly reduced in current smokers. Age, weight, trauma to joint due to repetiting movements in particular squatting and kneeling are common risk factors of knee oa.
This causes the bones of a joint rub against each other, producing abnormal bone growths, pain, inflammation, and stiffness. Managing merger risk during the postselection phase by robert william heller april 8, 20 committee chair. Osteoarthritis, or oa, is a chronic disease that damages the cartilage and ligaments in your joints. Reasons for these corporate actions include a strategic plan to eliminate competition by acquiring it, a desire to expand into another geographical area or product line or a need to sell or merge the. Easily combine multiple files into one pdf document. Research has shown that people with weak quadriceps thigh muscles are at an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. A literature search was conducted in pubmed using the search terms osteoarthritis, occupation, work. To evaluate a horizontal mergers competitive effects, both the antitrust agencies and the transacting parties often engage economists to apply a range of analytical tools to the available evidence. Osteoarthritis oa, the most common form of arthritis, is a major contributor to functional impairment and reduced independence in older adults. It is mostly diagnosed when preventive measures are no longer practicable due to reliance on the radiological diagnosis. Culture and change management are among the most unpredictable factors of deal success. Conditions that affect blood flow or inflammation can also affect risk.
Some behaviors and characteristics, called risk factors, increase an adults likelihood of getting some types of arthritis or making it worse. A literature search was conducted in pubmed using the. Extended merger processes, disproportionate to the size of the organisations involved, carry great risk and add significant burden to senior management and boards. It is common to separate nancial risk, the risk that a company does not have adequate cash ow to meet nancial obligations, from non nancial risk. Workrelated musculoskeletal disorders wmsds risk factors. Reasons for these corporate actions include a strategic plan to eliminate competition by acquiring it, a desire to expand into another geographical area or product line or a need to sell or merge the company because of owner retirement or corporate financial.
Company risks are those specific to the reporting company such as particular restrictive covenant documents, reliance or dependence on a concentrated source, or a history of losses. One of the biggest challenges, and the one cited by respondents as the most overlooked risk factor, is successfully integrating companies postdeal. Known as degenerative joint disease or agerelated arthritis, oa most. Osteoarthritis causes and risk factors osteoarthritis.
The specific risk factors for arthritis will vary depending on what type of arthritis is in question. Political risk factors in mergers and acquisitions wednesday, 4 september 20 00. Evidence for chronic disease risk factors, behavioural and. Obesity and osteoarthritis in knee, hip andor hand. This is to be done by analyzing and mapping what the main sources of risk in businesses in the ictindustry are. In some cases, the implications could be so serious as to lead to the failure of the bank. Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic medical condition of public health importance in this setting. Apr 19, 2016 criteria for inclusion as a risk factor. For example, bleeding disorders can cause bleeding in the joints. Asking tough questions about possible exposures is key to the due diligence process. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, or inflammation of the joints. The disease is also more common in females than in males and the risk for developing osteoarthritis increases markedly with age.
Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. Jun 15, 2017 the organization may lose many employees during a merger. For example, environmental factors, such as patterns of exercise, that may affect the risk of oa have been shown to cluster in families and are difficult to control for in epidemiological studies. Osteoarthritis results from deterioration of cartilage within the joint. Due diligence procedures and pre and postmerger integration planning is essential. Mitigating the risks associated with mergers by richard. Table 1 highlights individual risk factors where there is strong evidence of a direct association to a chronic disease there are numerous risk factors where the evidence is suggestive of an effect on chronic disease but the evidence is not as strong. Learn who is at risk for osteoarthritis to lower your chances of getting this disease. After the analysis, our consultants deliver a report outlining their findings and recommendations.
Some medical conditions associated with oa include. Human risks pose an immediate threat to the viability of a merger. This paper describes the individual steps involved in this. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. The relationship between selected chronic diseases and their known behavioural and biomedical risk factors is shown in table 1. Oa pathogenesis and risk factors osteoarthritis action.
Do you have multiple pdf files that need to be combined into one big document. Here is how you can manage the process of combining pdfs. Some of the most common risk factors for the development of arthritis include. Osteoarthritis causes and risk factors osteoarthritis oa is usually caused by repetitive stress to the joint due to activities such as exercise or work. International journal of engineering business management, vol. Local risk factors are variables such as obesity, previous knee injury and occupational activities. Although primary and secondary oa are caused by different factors, the resulting pathology is the same. There are may laws and regulations that companies need to comply with during mergers and acquisitions. Its a chronic joint disease that breaks down cartilage in the neck, lower back, knees, hips, shoulders, andor fingers. Issues for consideration in mergers and takeovers from a regulatory perspective. Other factors include kneeling and regular stair climbing, crawling, bending and whole. Osteoarthritis has often been referred to as a wear and tear disease. When it comes to mergers and acquisitions, there are. Design a systematic literature search was carried out for cohort and casecontrol studies evaluating the association of demographic, comorbid, and other patientdetermined factors with onset of knee oa.
The three critical steps in mitigating merger risk are knowing the level of risk, keeping the integration process versatile, and staying focused on the real value. For many, this encompasses merging with, or acquiring, other companies. Select or drag your files, then click the merge button to download your document into one pdf file. Osteoarthritis oa is the most common articular disease of the developed world and a leading cause of chronic disability, mostly as a consequence of knee oa andor hip oa. But obesity, overuse or injury can also contribute to the disease. Occupational risk factors for osteoarthritis of the knee. Regardless of how similar two companies may seem when they shake hands, its a complicated and challenging process to assure a meaningful union. Magnitude of knee osteoarthritis and associated risk. Knee osteoarthritis prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis. The risk for developing osteoarthritis increases in particular in those individuals with several of these risk factors. Up to a half of people aged 50 and over report having knee pain during the course of a year, and a quarter have severe and.
Osteoarthritis affects only 3% of peopleaged less than 45 but it affects 65% of people aged over 65. The good news is that risks associated with nonprofit mergers can be greatly reduced when organisations. Risk factors for onset of osteoarthritis of the knee in. With higher stress level comes muscle tension causing fatigue and again increased risk for wmsd. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in the united states, affecting roughly 12 percent of americans aged 25 74. Systemic risk factors include factors such as age, ethnicity, gender and genetic variables.
Among other things, various kinds of risks connected to the target company are evaluated. They are arguably one of the biggest threats companies face, particularly during the post merger integration process. Oct 10, 20 osteoarthritis oa, the most common form of arthritis, is a major contributor to functional impairment and reduced independence in older adults. You can control some risk factors, and others you cannot. When risk factors for msp were analysed independently, with adjustment only for gender and age, significantly elevated risks of low back pain were found for somatising tendency, emotional exhaustion, belief that musculoskeletal problems are commonly caused by work, low job support and low job security, while risk was significantly reduced in current smokers additional file 1.
If an integration fails, poor culture and change management are often to blame as a majority of deal makers struggle with this area. This weeklong engagement analyzes and measures the acquisitions environment and risk levels across four critical security domains. Furthermore, population data on hip and spine oa are limited, making it difficult to determine the expected rates of oa at these sites for. To determine the magnitude and risk factors associated with knee osteoarthritis among adult patients presenting at the university college. Its a chronic joint disease that breaks down cartilage in the. This free online tool allows to combine multiple pdf or image files into a single pdf document. Here are the top 15 risk factors of mergers and acquisitions. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. You have told your patient that heshe has osteoarthritis. Pdf merger, combine pdf files into one file online. However, you can reduce the risk of developing oa from damage caused by lifestyle factors such as. Risk factors for onset of osteoarthritis of the knee in older.
When two companies agree to combine into one company, they merge. There are critical factors to consider when it comes to mergers and acquisitions. The economic costs of oa are high, including those related to treatment, for individuals and their families who must adapt their lives to the disease, and those due to lost work productivity. Osteoarthritis oa a common disease of aged population and one of the leading causes of disability. Heavy physical work load was the most common occupational risk factor for oa in several anatomical locations. What are the risks associated with mergers and acquisitions. The moment a seller has hisher first first discussion with a potential buyer, and until the sale is finally complete, there are a number of risks that can damage the business and implode the deal. The major risk factor is age, and approximately 70 percent of people over the age of 65 show some degree of osteoarthritis upon xray. Jan 27, 2014 extended merger processes, disproportionate to the size of the organisations involved, carry great risk and add significant burden to senior management and boards. When the worker has no control over timing and speed of work because of external factors like assembly line speed or quota systems then stress level increases. They are arguably one of the biggest threats companies face, particularly during the postmerger integration process. After identifying the research gap and formulating the problem statement, research was designed in order to study the applicability of a project management pm approach toward. Gender the condition is more common in women and joint injury and trauma e. Nov 30, 2015 age is one of the strongest nonmodifiable factors for oa 1, 5, where this relationship is likely related to a combination of changes in the capacity for joint tissues to adapt to biomechanical stresses.
50 179 1391 1440 1146 1023 857 1152 1526 888 651 394 1044 1142 634 1050 83 820 1102 223 1603 1595 1032 89 710 280 1551 1220 294 240 1274 446 1114 1001 1482 417 971 636 1324 1366 631 755 1297